本文轉載於:http://bijian1013.iteye.com/blog/2166855package com.bijian.study;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.DataOutputStream;import java.io.IO...
本文轉載於:http://bijian1013.iteye.com/blog/2166855
package com.bijian.study; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLEncoder; public class PostRequest { public static final String GET_URL = "http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greeting"; public static final String POST_URL = "http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greeting"; public static void readContentFromGet() throws IOException { // 拼湊get請求的URL字串,使用URLEncoder.encode對特殊和不可見字元進行編碼 String getURL = GET_URL + "?name=" + URLEncoder.encode("zhangshan", "utf-8"); URL getUrl = new URL(getURL); // 根據拼湊的URL,打開連接,URL.openConnection函數會根據URL的類型, // 返回不同的URLConnection子類的對象,這裡URL是一個http,因此實際返回的是HttpURLConnection HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) getUrl.openConnection(); // 進行連接,但是實際上get request要在下一句的connection.getInputStream()函數中才會真正發到伺服器 connection.connect(); // 取得輸入流,並使用Reader讀取 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));// 設置編碼,否則中文亂碼 System.out.println("============================="); System.out.println("Contents of get request"); System.out.println("============================="); String lines; while ((lines = reader.readLine()) != null) { // lines = new String(lines.getBytes(), "utf-8"); System.out.println(lines); } reader.close(); // 斷開連接 connection.disconnect(); System.out.println("============================="); System.out.println("Contents of get request ends"); System.out.println("============================="); } public static void readContentFromPost() throws IOException { // Post請求的url,與get不同的是不需要帶參數 URL postUrl = new URL(POST_URL); // 打開連接 HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) postUrl.openConnection(); // Output to the connection. Default is false, set to true because post method must write something to the connection // 設置是否向connection輸出,因為這個是post請求,參數要放在http正文內,因此需要設為true connection.setDoOutput(true); // Read from the connection. Default is true. connection.setDoInput(true); // Set the post method. Default is GET connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); // Post cannot use caches // Post 請求不能使用緩存 connection.setUseCaches(false); // This method takes effects to every instances of this class.URLConnection.setFollowRedirects是static函數,作用於所有的URLConnection對象。 // connection.setFollowRedirects(true); // This methods only takes effacts to this instance.URLConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects是成員函數,僅作用於當前函數 connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true); // Set the content type to urlencoded,because we will write some URL-encoded content to the connection. Settings above must be set before connect! // 配置本次連接的Content-type,配置為application/x-www-form-urlencoded的意思是正文是urlencoded編碼過的form參數,下麵我們可以看到我們對正文內容使用URLEncoder.encode進行編碼 connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // 連接,從postUrl.openConnection()至此的配置必須要在connect之前完成, // 要註意的是connection.getOutputStream會隱含的進行connect。 connection.connect(); DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream()); // The URL-encoded contend // 正文,正文內容其實跟get的URL中'?'後的參數字元串一致 String content = "name=" + URLEncoder.encode("張三", "utf-8"); // DataOutputStream.writeBytes將字元串中的16位的unicode字元以8位的字元形式寫道流裡面 out.writeBytes(content); out.flush(); out.close();// flush and close BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));// 設置編碼,否則中文亂碼 String line = ""; System.out.println("============================="); System.out.println("Contents of post request"); System.out.println("============================="); while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { // line = new String(line.getBytes(), "utf-8"); System.out.println(line); } System.out.println("============================="); System.out.println("Contents of post request ends"); System.out.println("============================="); reader.close(); connection.disconnect(); } public static void main(String[] args) { try { readContentFromGet(); readContentFromPost(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
運行結果:
============================= Contents of get request ============================= <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Hello</title> </head> <body> 你好,zhangshan </body> </html> ============================= Contents of get request ends ============================= ============================= Contents of post request ============================= <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Hello</title> </head> <body> 你好,張三 </body> </html> ============================= Contents of post request ends =============================
註意:通過BufferedReader 讀取遠程返回的數據時,必須設置讀取編碼,否則中文會亂碼!
HttpURLConnection.connect函數,實際上只是建立了一個與伺服器的tcp連接,並沒有實際發送http請求。無論是post還是get,http請求實際上直到HttpURLConnection.getInputStream()這個函數裡面才正式發送出去。
在readContentFromPost() 中,順序是重中之重,對connection對象的一切配置(那一堆set函數)都必須要在connect()函數執行之前完成。而對 outputStream的寫操作,又必須要在inputStream的讀操作之前。這些順序實際上是由http請求的格式決定的。
http 請求實際上由兩部分組成,一個是http頭,所有關於此次http請求的配置都在http頭裡面定義,一個是正文content,在connect()函數裡面,會根據HttpURLConnection對象的配置值生成http頭,因此在調用connect函數之前,就必須把所有的配置準備好。
緊接著http頭的是http請求的正文,正文的內容通過outputStream寫入,實際上outputStream不是一個網路流,充其量是個字元串流,往裡面寫入的東西不會立即發送到網路,而是在流關閉後,根據輸入的內容生成http正文。
至此,http請求的東西已經準備就緒。在getInputStream()函數調用的時候,就會把準備好的http請求正式發送到伺服器了,然後返回一個輸入流,用於讀取伺服器對於此次http請求的返回信息。由於http請求在getInputStream的時候已經發送出去了(包括http頭和正文),因此在getInputStream()函數之後對connection對象進行設置(對http頭的信息進行修改)或者寫入 outputStream(對正文進行修改)都是沒有意義的了,執行這些操作會導致異常的發生。