使用Spark分析拉勾網招聘信息(二): 獲取數據

来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/ios122/archive/2016/09/01/5828673.html
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要獲取什麼樣的數據? 我們要獲取的數據,是指那些公開的,可以輕易地獲取地數據.如果你有完整的數據集,肯定是極好的,但一般都很難通過還算正當的方式輕易獲取.單就本系列文章要研究的實時招聘信息來講,能獲取最近一個月的相關信息,已是足矣. 如何獲取數據? 爬蟲,也是可以的,作為一個備選方案.但是,我註意到 ...


要獲取什麼樣的數據?

我們要獲取的數據,是指那些公開的,可以輕易地獲取地數據.如果你有完整的數據集,肯定是極好的,但一般都很難通過還算正當的方式輕易獲取.單就本系列文章要研究的實時招聘信息來講,能獲取最近一個月的相關信息,已是足矣.

如何獲取數據?

爬蟲,也是可以的,作為一個備選方案.但是,我註意到拉勾網本身的數據,是通過ajax請求更新的,所以批量獲取變得更加簡單.基於ajax請求來獲取數據,方式有很多,這裡我演示其中的自認為較為簡單通用的一種: 使用 curl 模擬 ajax 請求獲取數據.

註意,以下的步驟演示全部基於 Mac 版的 ** Google Chrome** 瀏覽器,其他瀏覽器部分操作可能會有些許差異.最後一步會給出 提取出的通用 curl 腳本,直接其實也是可以的,如果對步驟不是很關心.

1.找到目標城市和目標職位,然後按"最新排序",參考鏈接: http://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_iOS?px=new&city=北京#order

0-0.png

2.雙指擊/右擊 頁面,彈出快捷菜單,選擇"檢查",以進入瀏覽器調試界面,切換到調試器的 network -> xhr 標簽下.

0_1.png

3.cmd + R 刷新頁面,此時會捕捉到此頁面發出的xhr請求.找到 http://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json 開頭的請求,並雙指擊/右擊,選擇 copy as cUrl.

這個 curl代碼非常長,對於本次分析來說,最關鍵的是 末尾的 pn=1&kd=iOS,分別代表著頁面和職位,動態設置,即可獲取更多職位的更多數據了,文章的其他篇幅,會單獨分析.

curl 'http://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?px=new&city=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&needAddtionalResult=false' -H 'Cookie: user_trace_token=20160522122749-8a4d6717-1fd5-11e6-963e-5254005c3644; LGUID=20160522122749-8a4d6cb3-1fd5-11e6-963e-5254005c3644; tencentSig=8513357824; LGMOID=20160818212815-33C56329AA2FB6D809D557FD6CC1DE3C; JSESSIONID=E0C5692414B160F3BEFFCFF8D240B693; _gat=1; PRE_UTM=; PRE_HOST=; PRE_SITE=; PRE_LAND=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lagou.com%2Fjobs%2Flist_iOS%3Fpx%3Dnew%26city%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E4%25BA%25AC; ctk=1472587366; Hm_lvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1470032014,1470032429,1471526897,1471752875; Hm_lpvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1472587368; LGSID=20160831035434-92fffed3-6eeb-11e6-8c02-5254005c3644; LGRID=20160831040247-b90762b6-6eec-11e6-a745-525400f775ce; _ga=GA1.2.1654849521.1463891270; SEARCH_ID=506c8097626343ab9b5a2c1139807a2c' -H 'Origin: http://www.lagou.com' -H 'X-Anit-Forge-Code: 0' -H 'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H 'Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6' -H 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36' -H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8' -H 'Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01' -H 'Cache-Control: max-age=0' -H 'X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest' -H 'Connection: keep-alive' -H 'X-Anit-Forge-Token: None' -H 'Referer: http://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_iOS?px=new&city=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC' --data 'first=true&pn=1&kd=iOS' --compressed

0_2.png

4.講上一步中的curl指令複製到終端,橋下回車鍵,即可看到輸出.

{"success":true,"requestId":null,"msg":null,"resubmitToken":null,"content":{"pageNo":1,"pageSize":15,"positionResult":{"totalCount":974,"resultSize":15,"locationInfo":{"city":"北京","district":null,"queryByGisCode":false,"businessZone":null,"locationCode":null},"queryAnalysisInfo":{"positionName":"ios","companyName":null,"usefulCompany":false,"industryName":null},"strategyProperty":{"name":"dm-csearch-newSimScorer","id":1},"result":[{"companyId":129801,"companyShortName":"言之有物科技","createTime":"2016-08-30 19:28:12","positionId":1857486,"positionAdvantage":"一線公司，技術驅動，免費三餐，超期望回報","salary":"25k-50k","score":0,"workYear":"不限","education":"本科","city":"北京","positionName":"iOS高級研發工程師/Lead","companyLogo":"i/image/M00/43/4E/CgqKkVeDGsuAXz0gAAA4XeGAAHQ390.png","financeStage":"成長型(A輪)","industryField":"移動互聯網,電子商務","jobNature":"全職","approve":1,"companySize":"15-50人","district":null,"companyLabelList":["股票期權","扁平管理","美女多","領導好"],"adWord":0,"appShow":0,"deliver":0,"formatCreateTime":"19:28發佈","gradeDescription":null,"companyFullName":"北京言之有物科技有限公司","businessZones":null,"imState":"today","lastLogin":1472556472000,"publisherId":5092848,"explain":null,"plus":null,"pcShow":0},{"companyId":133,"companyShortName":"獵豹移動","createTime":"2016-08-30 19:09:34","positionId":2151896,"positionAdvantage":"明星產品 超贊年終獎 靠譜領導","salary":"15k-30k","score":0,"workYear":"1-3年","education":"本科","city":"北京","positionName":"iOS","companyLogo":"image1/M00/39/70/CgYXBlWo3nqABJTsAADJ3hn5gmE062.jpg","financeStage":"上市公司","industryField":"移動互聯網,信息安全","jobNature":"全職","approve":1,"companySize":"500-2000人","district":"朝陽區","companyLabelList":["帶薪年假","美女前臺","超贊年終獎","一公裡工作圈"],"adWord":0,"appShow":0,"deliver":0,"formatCreateTime":"19:09發佈","gradeDescription":null,"companyFullName":"北京金山網路科技有限公司","businessZones":["姚家園","十里堡","高碑店"],"imState":"today","lastLogin":1472555392000,"publisherId":129969,"explain":null,"plus":null,"pcShow":0},{"companyId":107608,"companyShortName":"MUM電腦","createTime":"2016-08-30 19:03:24","positionId":1963945,"positionAdvantage":"幫助程式員赴美做IT，享受高薪高品質生活","salary":"10k-20k","score":0,"workYear":"不限","education":"本科","city":"北京","positionName":"IOS程式員赴美項目推廣員","companyLogo":"i/image/M00/00/C2/CgqKkVZVHmSAWPtRAASUg0iUVuI932.jpg","financeStage":"初創型(不需要融資)","industryField":"教育","jobNature":"全職","approve":0,"companySize":"少於15人","district":"昌平區","companyLabelList":["赴美工作","美元薪水","告別996","技術前沿"],"adWord":0,"appShow":0,"deliver":0,"formatCreateTime":"19:03發佈","gradeDescription":null,"companyFullName":"北京瑪赫西電腦教育咨詢有限公司","businessZones":null,"imState":"disabled","lastLogin":1472558059000,"publisherId":5179699,"explain":null,"plus":null,"pcShow":0},{"companyId":67576,"companyShortName":"車滿滿","createTime":"2016-08-30 18:47:30","positionId":2307877,"positionAdvantage":"期權","salary":"20k-25k","score":0,"workYear":"3-5年","education":"本科","city":"北京","positionName":"iOS高級開發工程師","companyLogo":"i/image/M00/01/47/Cgp3O1ZmYACABBpPAAGzVR5S-Ps906.png","financeStage":"成長型(A輪)","industryField":"移動互聯網","jobNature":"全職","approve":1,"companySize":"50-150人","district":"朝陽區","companyLabelList":["股票期權","技能培訓","彈性工作","定期體檢"],"adWord":0,"appShow":0,"deliver":0,"formatCreateTime":"18:47發佈","gradeDescription":null,"companyFullName":"車滿滿（北京）信息技術有限公司","businessZones":["建外大街","CBD","國貿"],"imState":"today","lastLogin":1472566873000,"publisherId":2116322,"explain":null,"plus":null,"pcShow":0},{"companyId":1575,"companyShortName":"百度","createTime":"2016-08-30 18:30:05","positionId":2307765,"positionAdvantage":"BAT 薪酬福利好","salary":"15k-25k","score":0,"workYear":"3-5年","education":"本科","city":"北京","positionName":"iOS移動開發","companyLogo":"image1/M00/00/06/CgYXBlTUWAWAOBXrAABGHHFb0q8748.jpg","financeStage":"上市公司","industryField":"移動互聯網,數據服務","jobNature":"全職","approve":1,"companySize":"2000人以上","district":null,"companyLabelList":["股票期權","彈性工作","五險一金","免費班車"],"adWord":0,"appShow":0,"deliver":0,"formatCreateTime":"18:30發佈","gradeDescription":null,"companyFullName":"百度線上網路技術（北京）有限公司","businessZones":null,"imState":"disabled","lastLogin":1472553001000,"publisherId":5705515,"explain":null,"plus":null,"pcShow":0},{"companyId":13321,"companyShortName":"FunPlus 趣加游戲","createTime":"2016-08-30 18:26:28","positionId":2240276,"positionAdvantage":"國際一線團隊，無限的成長空間，任你發揮","salary":"18k-36k","score":0,"workYear":"5-10年","education":"本科","city":"北京","positionName":"iOS 視頻處理工程師/高級工程師","companyLogo":"image1/M00/00/1A/Cgo8PFTUWFWAKE5aAABwJ1mgAYw423.png","financeStage":"成長型(B輪)","industryField":"游戲","jobNature":"全職","approve":0,"companySize":"150-500人","district":"海澱區","companyLabelList":["績效獎金","股票期權","專項獎金","五險一金"],"adWord":0,"appShow":0,"deliver":0,"formatCreateTime":"18:26發佈","gradeDescription":null,"companyFullName":"北京趣加科技有限公司","businessZones":["中關村","知春路","雙榆樹"],"imState":"today","lastLogin":1472552889000,"publisherId":285309,"explain":null,"plus":null,"pcShow":0},{"companyId":15111,"companyShortName":"聯拓天際","createTime":"2016-08-30 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